ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืข"ื™
Regulation & Legal

ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื

ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืคื•ืจืกื ืœืคื ื™ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”. ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืžื™ื“ืข ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืขื“ื›ื ื™.

ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ืื™ืฉืจื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคืฉืขื™ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืคืฉืขื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื‘ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™
ืฉืชืฃ
ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ืžื’ื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื ื’ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืืžื ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื

ื”ืžืื‘ืง ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช โ€œืคืจื“ื•ืชโ€ ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ื”ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื•

ืžืžืฉืœืช ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ืื™ืฉืจื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื•ืง ื”ืคืฉืขื™ ื”ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ืฉืžื˜ืจืชื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื ื’ื“ ืคืฉืขื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ื•ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘โ€ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื“ื•ืชโ€ ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื. ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื–ื” ื ื ืงื˜ ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืชืื™ืœื ื“ ืžืขืฆื™ืžื” ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ื” ืœื”ื’ืŸ ืขืœ ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื›ืกืคื™ื•ืช ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื•ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ืชืจืžื™ื•ืช ืžืงื•ื•ื ื•ืช. ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื›ื ืก ืœืชื•ืงืฃ ืขื ืคืจืกื•ืžื ื‘ืขื™ืชื•ืŸ ื”ืจืฉืžื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื”.

ืœืคื™ ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ืฉื•ืืคื™ื ืœื—ื–ืง ืืช ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื, ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื•ืจืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื•ืช. ืžื˜ืจื” ืžืจื›ื–ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื“ื•ืช ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื”ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช.

ืคื•ืจื ืื ื•ื ื’ ื‘ื•ื“ืกืืจื˜ืจื’ื•ืŸ, ื”ืžื–ื›โ€ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš, ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžืืžืฆื™ ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื•, ืื™ื’ื•ื“ ื”ืžืกื—ืจ ืฉืœ ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™ื™ื (TDO), ื•ื”ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืขืกืงื™ ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื‘ืคื™ืชื•ื— ืชืงื ื™ื ืœืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ืœื—ื ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืืœื•. ื”ืžื™ื–ื ื”ื–ื” ื ื•ืขื“ ืœืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืฆืขื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื’ื–ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืงืื™ ื ื’ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื ืงืื•ืช ืžืกื•ืจืชื™ืช.

ืœืคื™ ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื”, ื”ืžืกื’ืจืช ื”ืžืชื•ืงื ืช ืชืืคืฉืจ ื”ื—ืœืคืช ืžื™ื“ืข ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื•ืชืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืกื ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืฉืขื•ืช ืขืกืงืื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื“ื•ืช. ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืžืฆื™ื’ื” ืจืฉื™ืžื” ืฉื—ื•ืจื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืืจื ืงื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœืคืฉืขื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ, ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื›ืชื™ื‘ ืฉื”ืŸ ืœื ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื‘ืฆืข ืขืกืงืื•ืช ืขื ืขืกืงื™ื ืจืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื.

ืืกืคืงื˜ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืคืช ืฉืžื•ื˜ืœืช ืขืœ ื‘ื ืงื™ื ืžืกื—ืจื™ื™ื, ืกืคืงื™ื•ืช ื˜ืœืงื•ื, ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืžื“ื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช ื•ืขืกืงื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืœื ื–ืงื™ื ืฉื ื’ืจืžื• ืžืคืฉืขื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืื ื”ื ื ื›ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืชืงื ื™ื ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื. ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืื• ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื›ืกื™ื ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืœืžืขืŸ ืคืฉืขื™ ืกื™ื™ื‘ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ืขื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ืฉื ื•ืช ืžืืกืจ ื•ืงื ืก ืฉืœ ืขื“ 8,857 ื“ื•ืœืจื™ื (300,000 ื‘ืื˜).

ืชื—ืช ื”ืžืฉื˜ืจ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ, ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ืžื•ืกืžืš ื›ืขืช ืœื—ืกื•ื ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืชืจื™ื ื•ื™ื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ื–ืจื•ืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืื• ืžืคืจืกืžื•ืช ืฉื™ืจื•ืชื™ื ืœืžืฉืงื™ืขื™ื ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™ื. ืžื“ื“ ื–ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืœืžื ื•ืข ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช ืืœื• ืœืฉื ื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืคืขื™ืœื•ื™ื•ืช ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช.

ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœื ื™ื™ืจื•ืช ืขืจืš ื”ื‘ื”ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืคืจืกื•ื ื‘ืชืื™ืœื ื“, ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช ื”ืฆืขื•ืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ืชืฉืœื•ื ื‘ื‘ืื˜ ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™, ืงื‘ืœืช ืชืฉืœื•ืžื™ื ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื—ืฉื‘ื•ื ื•ืช ื‘ื ืง ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™ื ื•ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืชืื™ืœื ื“ื™ืช ืขืœ ืคืœื˜ืคื•ืจืžื•ืช. ื”ื‘ื”ืจื” ื–ื• ืฆืคื•ื™ื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืื›ื™ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจืฉื•ืช ื ื’ื“ ื—ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื–ืจื™ื.

โ€œSEC ืชืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืขื ืžืฉืจื“ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื” ื•ื”ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”-TDO ื•ืžืคืขื™ืœื™ ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ื™ืฉื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืงื™ื ื”ื โ€ืœ ื‘ืžื˜ืจื” ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื‘ืžื ื™ืขืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื ื›ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ืœื‘ื ืช ื”ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื”ืคื—ื™ืช ื ื–ืง ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืžืคืฉืขื™ื ืžืงื•ื•ื ื™ื,โ€ ืืžืจ ื‘ื•ื“ืกืืจื˜ืจื’ื•ืŸ.

ืžืืžืจ ื–ื” ืชื•ืจื’ื ืžืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื‘ื™ื ื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช. ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืจ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืข; ืชืจื’ื•ืžื™ื ืื•ื˜ื•ืžื˜ื™ื™ื ืขืฉื•ื™ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื™ืœ ืื™-ื“ื™ื•ืงื™ื, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ืžื•ื ื—ื™ื ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื™ื ื•ืจื’ื•ืœื˜ื•ืจื™ื™ื.

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื–ื•