ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืข"ื™
Economics

ื’'ื ื‘ื” ื’ืžื‘ืœ: ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืกื™ืŸ

ืื ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื•ืง ืขื•ืงื‘ื™ื ื‘ืงืคื™ื“ื” ืื—ืจ ื”ื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ื”ืžืชืžืฉืš ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉืจ ื”ืื•ืฆืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืกืงื•ื˜ ื‘ืกื ื˜, ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ื’โ€™ื™ื™ืžื™ืกื•ืŸ ื’ืจื™ืจ, ื•ืกื’ืŸ ืจืืฉ ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ืกื™ื ื™ ื—ื” ืœื™ืคื ื’ ื‘ืขื•ื“ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ืฆื“ื“ื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืงืœ ืขืœ ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ื‘ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืืจื•ืš ืฉืœื”ื. ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื‘ืกื ื˜ ื•ื’ืจื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฆืžื“ ื”ืฉื™ื’ ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™
ืฉืชืฃ
ื’'ื ื‘ื” ื’ืžื‘ืœ: ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ื—ืฉืื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”"ื‘ ืœืกื™ืŸ

ืขื™ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ื˜ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื

ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื ืžื•ื•ืฉื™ื ื’ื˜ื•ืŸ ื•ื‘ื™ื™ื’โ€™ื™ื ื’ ื”ืชื›ื ืกื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื–โ€™ื ื‘ื”, ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ, ื•-WSJ ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื“ืข ื™ืฉื™ืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืฆื‘ ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืฆืคื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืฉื›ื™ื ืœืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ. ื”ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืกืžืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ืฉืœื™ื—ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื ื•ืกื™ื ื™ื™ื. ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ, ืฉืชื™ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื˜ื™ืœื• ืžื›ืกื™ื ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื™ื‘ื•ื ื”ื“ื“ื™, ืžื” ืฉื”ื›ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื‘ืžื” ืœื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื‘ื•ืข ื”ื–ื”.

ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ื–'ื ื‘ื”: ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ืžืžืชื™ื ื™ื ืœืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”
ื˜ืจืืžืค ืจืžื– ื‘ืฉื‘ืช ืฉื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ืžืชื ื”ืœื•ืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ื”ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ืโ€”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ืžื˜ื‘ืขื•ืช ืงืจื™ืคื˜ื•ื’ืจืคื™ื™ื ื•ื–ื”ื‘โ€”ื ืขื™ื ื‘ื”ืžืชื ื” ื‘ืขืงื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืœืกื™ืŸ ื‘ื–โ€™ื ื‘ื” ืฉื ื•ืฉื ืืช ื”ืคื•ื˜ื ืฆื™ืืœ ืœืขืฆื‘ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ื”ืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืกื—ืจ ื•ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื. ื”-S&P 500, ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื”ืชืื•ืฉืฉ ืงืฆืช ืžืื– ื”ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื›ืกื™ื ืืš ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืขืจืš 8% ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจืžื•ืช ื”ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื•.

ื”ื˜ืœื˜ืœื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื ืฉืืจืช ื‘ื•ืœื˜ืช, ืขื ืžื“ื“ ื”ืชื ื•ื“ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ Cboe (VIX) ืฉื ืžืฆื ืžืขืœ ื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœื•, ืžื” ืฉืžืกืžืŸ ืื™-ืฉืงื˜ ืžืชืžื™ื“. ื‘ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื, ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืขืจื” ืื’ื‘ื™ืช ืžื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืื• ื“ืœื™ืคื” ืœื ืจืฉืžื™ืช ืžื‘ื™ื™ื’โ€™ื™ื ื’ ื”ื™ื™ืชื” ืžืกืคื™ืงื” ืœื–ืขื–ืข ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื ื›ืกื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.

ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื›ืœ ืชื•ืฆืื” ื‘ื•ื ื” ืžื”ื“ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื‘ื–โ€™ื ื‘ื”โ€”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืงื™ื˜ื•ืŸ ื‘ืžื›ืกื™ื, ืžืกื’ืจืช ืœื“ื™ืืœื•ื’ ืขืชื™ื“ื™, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืจื™ื›ื•ืš ื‘ื˜ื•ืŸโ€”ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืฆื™ืช ืขืœื™ื™ื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื‘ืžื ื™ื•ืช, ื ื›ืกื™ื ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื, ื•ืืฃ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœื ืกื™ื’ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจื™ ื”ื–ื”ื‘. ื”ืขื™ืชื•ื ืื™ ื‘ืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื•ืจืฅ ืžื”-WSJ ื—ืฉืฃ ืฉื—ืœืง ืžื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืžืกื™ืŸ ื•ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืขื–ื‘ื• ืžื•ืงื“ื ืžื”ืžืชื•ื›ื ืŸ.

ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘-WSJ, ืขื ื–ืืช, ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื‘ืกื ื˜ ื•ื’ืจื™ืจ ื ืฉืืจื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ ืœืฉืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช. ื”ืžืฉื-ื•ืžืชืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืœืกื™ืŸ ื”ืชื‘ืฆืข ืชื—ืช ืžืขื˜ื” ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช, ื”ืžืฉืงืฃ ืืช ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื ืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื”ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ื ื—ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืคืจืง. ื”ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ื ืžื ืขื• ืžืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืขื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืจืžื–ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ืื• ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื’ื‘ื™ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ืชืคืจืฉ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื•ืœื–ืœื•ื’ ืœืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื”ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ื™ื ืขื ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžืคื•ืจืจื•ืช.

ื‘ืกื ื˜ ื•ื’ืจื™ืจ ืฆื™ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืœื›ื• ื˜ื•ื‘

ื”ื”ืฆื”ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค ื‘ืฉื‘ืช, ืืžื ื ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืืš ืขื ื˜ื•ืŸ ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™, ืžืฆื™ืขื” ื ืงื•ื“ืช ืžืคื ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ืช ื‘ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ื—ืกื™ื ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ืžืชื•ื—ื” ืœื”ื—ืจื™ื“. ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉื”ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื ื•ืชืจื• ื—ืžืงืžืงื™ื, ื”ืชื™ืื•ืจ ืฉืœ โ€œื”ื—ื–ืจื” ืžืœืื”โ€ ืžืจืžื– ืขืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ืจ ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ ืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ. ื›ืขืช, ืขื ืฆื™ืคื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืชืืžื•ืช ืžื—ื“ืฉ, ืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื›ืื—ื“ ืžืชื ืชื—ื™ื ื›ืœ ืžืฉืคื˜ ืœืจืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืื ื”ืชืงืจืจื•ืช ื–ื• ืชื—ื–ื™ืงโ€”ืื• ืชืชืคืจืง.

ื™ืชืจื” ืžื–ืืช, ื‘ื™ื•ื ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืœื‘ืŸ ืฉื—ืจืจ ื”ื•ื“ืขื” ืœืขื™ืชื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืฆื™ื™ื ื” ืฉืืจื”โ€ื‘ ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœื”ืกื›ื ืกื—ืจ ืขื ืกื™ืŸ. ื‘ืกื ื˜ ื•ื ืฆื™ื’ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื’ืจื™ืจ ืืžืจื• ืฉืฉื™ื—ื•ืช ื”ืกื—ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืืจื”โ€ื‘ ืœืกื™ืŸ ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ื™ืฅ ื”ื™ื• ืคืจื•ื“ื•ืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืžืื•ื“, ื•ื”ืกื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื•ืฉื’ื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืฆืคื•ื™. ื‘ืกื ื˜ ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื”ืฉื•ื•ื™ืฆืจื™ ื•ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืชื• ื”ืžืœืื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืจืืžืค ืœื”ืชืคืชื—ื•ื™ื•ืช. ื’ืจื™ืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื“ื—ื™ืคื•ืช ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื” ืœื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืกื—ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืœ 1.2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื•ื”ื‘ื™ืข ืืžื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื”ืกื›ื ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื˜ืคืœ ื‘ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืžืจื›ื–ื™ื™ื.

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื–ื•