ืžื•ืคืขืœ ืข"ื™
Economics

ืจื™ื™ ื“ืืœื™ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ 2008 ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช 1971

ืจื™ื™ ื“ืืœื™ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉื”ืขื•ืœื ืžืชื“ืจื“ืจ ืœืขื‘ืจ ืงื˜ืกื˜ืจื•ืคื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื—ืกืจืช ืชืงื“ื™ื, ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืขื•ืžืก ื—ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื›ืื•ืก ื’ื™ืื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืžืื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขืœ ืงืจื™ืกื” ืจื—ื‘ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ืขื‘ืจ.

ื ื›ืชื‘ ืข"ื™
ืฉืชืฃ
ืจื™ื™ ื“ืืœื™ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืขื ื”ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ 2008 ื•ื”ืชืžื•ื˜ื˜ื•ืช 1971

ื“ืืœื™ื• ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืงืจื™ืกื” ื’ืจื•ืขื” ืžืžืชื•ืŸ ืขื ืจืขื™ื“ื•ืช ืงื•ื•ื™ ืชืงืœื•ืช ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื

ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื’โ€™ื•ื•ื˜ืจ ืืกื•ืกื™ืื™ื™ื˜ืก, ืจื™ื™ ื“ืืœื™ื•, ื”ืฆื™ื’ ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ืงืฉื” ืœื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื•ืคืขื” ื‘-Meet the Press ืฉืœ NBC ื‘-13 ื‘ืืคืจื™ืœ, ืชื•ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืฉืขืŸ ืขืœ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ืงืจ ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืฉืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ืžืคืชื— ืื•ืœื™ ืขืœ ืกืฃ ืงืจื™ืกื”.

โ€œื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืคื™ื ื ืกื™ืช. ื™ืฉ ื‘ืขื™ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ. ื™ืฉื ืŸ ื‘ืขืฆื ื—ืžืฉ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืžื ื™ืขื™ื ื”ื›ืœ. ืจืืฉื™ืช, ื™ืฉื ื ื”ื›ืกืฃ, ื”ืืฉืจืื™, ื”ื—ื•ื‘ ื•ื”ืžื—ื–ื•ืจ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ืฉื‘ื• ื™ืฉ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื—ื•ื‘ ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืžื—ื–ื•ืจื™. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืคืš ืœื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžื“ื™, ื•ื ื™ืงืœืข ืœื‘ืขื™ื•ืช,โ€ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื“ืืœื™ื•. ื›ื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื•ืชื™ืง ืขืœ ืžื’ืžื•ืช ืžืืงืจื•-ื›ืœื›ืœื™ื•ืช, ื”ื•ื ืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืืช ื”ื”ืชื›ื ืกื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืืœื”โ€”ืขื™ืžื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ ืคื ื™ืžื™, ืžืื‘ืงื™ ื›ื•ื— ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื, ืื™ืจื•ืขื™ื ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ื•ื—ื“ืฉื ื•ืช ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืชโ€”ื›ืื™ื ื“ื™ืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืœืœื—ืฅ ืžืขืจื›ืชื™ ืขืžื•ืง.

ื”ืžืฉืงื™ืข ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื ื“ืื’ื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืกืงืœื™ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ื›ื—ื™ื•ืช ื•ืขืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™ืช. ื”ื•ื ื’ื™ืœื” ืฉื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืชื—ืช ืขื•ืžืก ื‘ืฉืœ ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืงื•ืฆืจื•ืช-ืจืื™ื™ื” ื•ื—ื•ืกืจ ืชื™ืื•ื ืžืกืคืง. ื”ืคืฆื™ืจ ื‘ืžื—ื•ืงืงื™ื ื•ื‘ืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ื™ื ืœืคืขื•ืœ ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืคืจื’ืžื˜ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ืข ื“ืืœื™ื• ืืช ื“ืขืชื•:

ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื›ืจื’ืข ืื ื—ื ื• ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ื” ื•ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืžืื•ื“ ืœืžื™ืชื•ืŸ. ื•ืื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืื’ ืžืžืฉื”ื• ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ืื ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื ื•ื”ืœ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘.

ื”ื•ื ื”ืฆื™ืข ื”ืชื—ื™ื™ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ โ€œ3%โ€ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื“ ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจืขื•ืŸ ื”ืคื“ืจืœื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืœ-3% ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ ื”ื’ื•ืœืžื™, ื•ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ: โ€œื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื• ื’ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืžืžื™ืชื•ืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœโ€ ืื ื”ืžื˜ืจื” ืœื ืชื•ืฉื’ ื•ื”ื—ื•ืกืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื•ืŸ ืคื™ืกืงืœื™ ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ืขืžื™ืง.

ื”ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืฉืœ ื“ืืœื™ื• ื”ืคืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื“ืื™ื’ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื˜ืจื“ ืขืœ ืžื” ืฉื›ื•ื•ื ืชื• ื‘ืชื ืื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื™ืชื•ืŸ. ื›ืฉื ืฉืืœ ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืžื–ื”ื™ืจ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช ืžื“ื™ื›ืื•ืŸ ื•ืžื” ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื“ืืœื™ื• ืขื ื”: โ€œืื ื—ื ื• ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื ืžืื’ืจ ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืฆืข ื•ื‘ื™ืงื•ืฉ ืขื•ื“ืฃ ื•ื›ื“ื•ืžื”, ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ืจื™ืช, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืœื ื• ื”ืคืจืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืงืจื™ืกืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ื ื™ื˜ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ 1971.โ€ ื”ื•ื ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ:

ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืžื• 2008. ื–ื” ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ืžืื•ื“. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ืžื•ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืœื” ืื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื” ื™ืชืจื—ืฉื• ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช. ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช, ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืช ื•ืกื›ืกื•ืš ื‘ื™ื ืœืื•ืžื™.

ื”ืžื™ื™ืกื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื“ื’โ€™ื•ื•ื˜ืจ ื”ื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืกื›ื ื•ืช ืืœื• ื ื™ืชื ื•ืช ืœืžื ื™ืขื”, ื—ื•ืกืจ ืคืขื•ืœื” ืื• ื”ื—ืœื˜ื•ืช ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืœื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœื ื–ืง ืžืชืžืฉืš. ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืข ืฉืขื‘ืจ, ื“ืืœื™ื• ื”ื–ื”ื™ืจ ืžืคื ื™ ืงืจื™ืกื” ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช ืฉืœ ืคืขื ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืžื•ืกืชืจืช ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื”ืกื—ืช ื“ืขืช ืฉืœ ืžื›ืกื™ื.

ืชื’ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืชื‘ื” ื–ื•